Common active ingredients in oral solutions are:
• Antimicrobial agents that contribute to reduction of bacteria in the mouth (chlorhexidine phenolic compounds)
• Oxidising agents that help neutralize bad breath (sodium bicarbonate)
• oxygenates agents help destroy anaerobic bacteria (i.e. those microbes that live without oxygen) by adding oxygen to the region (hydrogen peroxide)
• Fluoride helps to strengthen teeth and prevent their deterioration
• Painless factors that provide relief to the pain
• Regulatory factors that may relieve pain from soft tissue and reduce acidity as dissolved in the lining of the mouth
• Agents against dental plaque that help reduce calculus accumulation mouth (zinc citrate)